Many objects typically occur in particular locations, and object words encode these spatial associations. We tested whether such object words (e.g., head, foot) orient attention toward the location where the denoted object typically occurs (i.e., up, down). Because object words elicit perceptual simulations of the denoted objects (i.e., the representations acquired during actual perception are reactivated), we predicted that an object word would interfere with identification of an unrelated visual target subsequently presented in the object's typical location. Consistent with this prediction, three experiments demonstrated that words denoting objects that typically occur high in the visual field hindered identification of targets appearing at the top of the display, whereas words denoting low objects hindered target identification at the bottom of the display. Thus, object words oriented attention to and activated perceptual simulations in the objects' typical locations. These results shed new light on how language affects perception. \ud
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机译：许多对象通常出现在特定位置，并且对象词对这些空间关联进行编码。我们测试了此类目标词（例如，头，脚）是否将注意力定向到所指示的目标通常发生的位置（即，上，下）。由于对象词会引起对指定对象的感知模拟（即重新激活在实际感知过程中获取的表示），因此我们预测对象词会干扰随后在对象的典型位置中呈现的无关视觉目标的识别。与此预测一致，三个实验表明，表示通常在视野中高处出现的对象的单词妨碍了对出现在显示器顶部的目标的识别，而表示低对象的单词则阻碍了在显示器底部的目标识别。因此，目标词将注意力转移到目标的典型位置并激活其感知模拟。这些结果为语言如何影响感知提供了新的思路。 \ ud
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